寫文拯救C

咩係Inductive Reasoning? 咩係Deductive Reasoning?

過去呢個sem，寫文C收到好多同學話，上堂有教呢兩種，但教完都唔明，然後功課就要用出嚟，點算？

其實佢哋係中學嘅syllabus有cover㗎！隊長喺中二三左右，教議論文果課，就有講過歸納論證同演繹論證。當時老師都係快過，所以同學都唔太清楚係咩嚟。

Inductive reasoning嘅中文就係歸納推理，用咗中文之後相信大家都易明好多。歸納就即係generalization，你觀察到不同嘅特點得出一個結論。而呢個結論就可以再推論會有咩事發生，呢啲事都係相似pattern。

而deductive reasoning嘅中文就係演繹論證，呢個就好似難明一啲。但其實就係首先提出一個假設，然後再比一啲觀察同論據去佐證，最後得出較為實際嘅結論。

都係唔明？比兩個例子大家：
All of the computer models I have seen are made by Apple. Therefore, all computer models are made by Apple.
呢個就係歸納論證Inductive Argument，由觀察歸納出結論。

Cats are living creatures because cats are animals. All animals are said to be living creatures, so cats are also living creatures.
呢個就係演繹論證，Deductive Argument。我哋由一個假設演繹到一個結論。

從以上例子可以見到，歸納論證有時好危險，因為你觀察到嘅cases未必足夠你form一個sound argument。所以建議大家學術文章可以寫deductive，利用總分總結構去寫都會比較易上手。

總分總結構即係寫一個topic sentence，之後附以多個論據，最後再寫一個concluding sentence。呢種寫作手法喺DSE英作都好常用，（而我教寫作嘅時候都成日捉到同學冇寫到concluding sentence導致段意不完整，可能影響組織分）。

如果學術寫作有咩問題，歡迎pm consult我 @ugfn1000 。如果想進步，拎自己已經交咗嘅文嚟比我睇都得

聽日CARDS考試加油！